Integrated management of Meloidogyne incognita on tomato using combinations of abamectin, Purpureocillium lilacinum, rhizobacteria, and botanicals compared with nematicide

Abstract Background Acceptable alternative eco-friendly tools in the present study were tested to control root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita , on greenhouse-cultivated vegetables. The nematicidal effect of rhizobacteria ( Pseudomonas and Serratia ), egg parasitic fungus Purpureocillium lilacinum abamectin Streptomyces avermitilis 3 botanicals (colocynth, Citrullus colocynthis ; moringa, Moringa oleifera marigold, Tagetes erecta L.) singly or combination was against M. comparison with emamectin benzoate. Results In vitro treatments revealed that hatching juvenile mortality influenced by type bioagents, plant species botanicals, exposure time. All bioagents displayed potential via their ovicidal larvicidal action J2 incognita. Three 5 days post-treatment, benzoate more effective than P. C. inhibiting hatching: 96.31 94.88%; 95.79 94.05%; 94.11 94.46%; 85.54 87.28%; 88.87 84.30%, respectively. On other hand, after 10 days, gave highest inhibition percentage (99.00%), followed (89.25%). However, difference insignificant compared rhizobacteria, (88.69%; p ? 0.05). Moreover, 100.0, 96.80, 91.60% treatment, showed a lower mortality. Under greenhouse conditions, antagonism towards application mixture biocontrol agents controlling single treatments. Conclusions and/or most not only decreasing galls reproduction but also increasing growth tomato parameters control. various including might be strategy phytonematodes protected agricultural areas.